fireballs and near earth asteriods
| All Sky Fireball Network |
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On Mar 11, 2022, the network reported 2 fireballs.
(2 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
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| Near Earth Asteroids |
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| Asteroid | Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
| 2022 EW4 | 2022-Mar-06 |
5.5 LD |
8.3 |
19 |
| 2022 DT3 | 2022-Mar-06 |
9.8 LD |
19.5 |
23 |
| 2022 DO1 | 2022-Mar-06 |
6.6 LD |
13.9 |
15 |
| 2022 EZ1 | 2022-Mar-06 |
19.1 LD |
5.4 |
16 |
| 2022 EC4 | 2022-Mar-06 |
1.5 LD |
9.9 |
19 |
| 2022 EM | 2022-Mar-06 |
18.6 LD |
18.1 |
44 |
| 2022 EY | 2022-Mar-06 |
12.6 LD |
6.3 |
27 |
| 2022 EY3 | 2022-Mar-06 |
9.9 LD |
4.5 |
10 |
| 2022 EB3 | 2022-Mar-07 |
11.7 LD |
19.7 |
52 |
| 2022 EL4 | 2022-Mar-07 |
2 LD |
9.8 |
13 |
| 2022 EF3 | 2022-Mar-07 |
7.3 LD |
9.9 |
10 |
| 2022 DH1 | 2022-Mar-07 |
18 LD |
7 |
42 |
| 2020 DC | 2022-Mar-07 |
4.2 LD |
5 |
16 |
| 2022 EX3 | 2022-Mar-07 |
19.4 LD |
20.3 |
27 |
| 2022 ET4 | 2022-Mar-08 |
8.5 LD |
18.1 |
59 |
| 2022 DS3 | 2022-Mar-09 |
13.4 LD |
3.7 |
15 |
| 2022 EM4 | 2022-Mar-09 |
7.7 LD |
6.8 |
30 |
| 2022 EV3 | 2022-Mar-09 |
0.2 LD |
10.5 |
4 |
| 2022 EC2 | 2022-Mar-09 |
10.8 LD |
12.3 |
15 |
| 2022 EN3 | 2022-Mar-10 |
7.6 LD |
17.6 |
32 |
| 2022 EV4 | 2022-Mar-10 |
14.2 LD |
7.1 |
17 |
| 2021 EY1 | 2022-Mar-10 |
10.1 LD |
15.5 |
16 |
| 2015 DR215 | 2022-Mar-11 |
17.5 LD |
8.3 |
290 |
| 2022 EV1 | 2022-Mar-11 |
10.7 LD |
8.3 |
22 |
| 2009 DV43 | 2022-Mar-11 |
8.2 LD |
16.5 |
65 |
| 2022 DX2 | 2022-Mar-13 |
15.7 LD |
12.7 |
35 |
| 2022 DR3 | 2022-Mar-13 |
15.7 LD |
12.4 |
31 |
| 2018 GY | 2022-Mar-13 |
11.9 LD |
10.7 |
43 |
| 2022 BX1 | 2022-Mar-13 |
20.1 LD |
11 |
161 |
| 2022 ES3 | 2022-Mar-13 |
0.9 LD |
18.4 |
14 |
| 2022 EO4 | 2022-Mar-13 |
2.8 LD |
15.6 |
29 |
| 2022 EA1 | 2022-Mar-14 |
8.1 LD |
5.5 |
13 |
| 2022 EK4 | 2022-Mar-14 |
4.8 LD |
8.3 |
19 |
| 2022 ED4 | 2022-Mar-15 |
2.1 LD |
17 |
17 |
| 2022 DP3 | 2022-Mar-15 |
3 LD |
10.8 |
41 |
| 2022 EG3 | 2022-Mar-15 |
13.8 LD |
6.5 |
8 |
| 2022 EF4 | 2022-Mar-16 |
6.9 LD |
12.1 |
24 |
| 2019 PH1 | 2022-Mar-17 |
12.3 LD |
15.9 |
37 |
| 2022 EU3 | 2022-Mar-17 |
14.2 LD |
5 |
14 |
| 2022 DB2 | 2022-Mar-18 |
11 LD |
8.6 |
52 |
| 2016 FZ12 | 2022-Mar-19 |
2.2 LD |
8.3 |
16 |
| 2022 DX | 2022-Mar-19 |
8.5 LD |
1.5 |
8 |
| 2022 EE4 | 2022-Mar-21 |
18 LD |
16.9 |
33 |
| 2022 DG3 | 2022-Mar-21 |
18.3 LD |
7.2 |
37 |
| 2020 SQ | 2022-Mar-21 |
2.8 LD |
6 |
12 |
| 2022 EA5 | 2022-Mar-23 |
14.9 LD |
8 |
18 |
| 2013 BO76 | 2022-Mar-24 |
13.3 LD |
13.8 |
271 |
| 2011 GE3 | 2022-Mar-26 |
7.6 LD |
7 |
22 |
| 2012 FX35 | 2022-Mar-26 |
13.7 LD |
5.9 |
25 |
| 2010 GD35 | 2022-Mar-29 |
17.7 LD |
12.5 |
43 |
| 2020 FW5 | 2022-Mar-30 |
8.9 LD |
13.1 |
27 |
| 2022 EK1 | 2022-Mar-30 |
19 LD |
7.6 |
42 |
| 2022 DX4 | 2022-Mar-31 |
16.7 LD |
6 |
41 |
| 2007 FF1 | 2022-Apr-01 |
19.4 LD |
12.8 |
155 |
| 2021 GN1 | 2022-Apr-02 |
14.4 LD |
14.3 |
19 |
| 2016 GW221 | 2022-Apr-02 |
9.8 LD |
5.9 |
41 |
| 2022 EN2 | 2022-Apr-04 |
18.7 LD |
5.6 |
41 |
| 2012 TV | 2022-Apr-05 |
19.2 LD |
18.1 |
32 |
| 2020 GH1 | 2022-Apr-09 |
16.8 LD |
7.2 |
28 |
| 2017 TO2 | 2022-Apr-10 |
17.9 LD |
11.6 |
78 |
| 363599 | 2022-Apr-12 |
19.3 LD |
24.5 |
221 |
| 2020 TQ6 | 2022-Apr-18 |
13.4 LD |
15.4 |
43 |
| 2017 UR2 | 2022-Apr-22 |
19.4 LD |
9.3 |
10 |
| 2020 VN1 | 2022-Apr-25 |
19.3 LD |
2.3 |
9 |
| 418135 | 2022-Apr-28 |
8.5 LD |
10.4 |
443 |
| 2017 XO2 | 2022-May-01 |
18.8 LD |
12.4 |
118 |
| 2017 HG1 | 2022-May-04 |
18.2 LD |
6 |
11 |
| 467460 | 2022-May-09 |
14.9 LD |
11.3 |
513 |
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| Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
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SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:
This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.
We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
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| Essential web links |
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NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center |
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| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
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Atmospheric Optics |
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| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
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Solar Dynamics Observatory |
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| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
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STEREO |
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| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
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Solar and Heliospheric Observatory |
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| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
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SolarMonitor.org |
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| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
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Daily Sunspot Summaries |
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| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts |
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| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
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Aurora 30 min forecast |
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| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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Live Aurora Webcam |
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| from Lights over Lapland |
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Heliophysics |
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| the underlying science of space weather |
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page |
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